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}} |image name = Lin Biao.jpg |caption = Marshal Lin Biao |office=First-ranking Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China |term_start=December 21, 1964 |term_end=September 13, 1971 |premier=Zhou Enlai |predecessor=Chen Yun |successor=Deng Xiaoping |order1 = Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China |term_start1 = May 25, 1958 |term_end1 = September 13, 1971 |1blankname1 = Chairman |1namedata1 = Mao Zedong |office2=Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China |term_start2= September 15, 1954 |term_end2=September 13, 1971 |premier2=Zhou Enlai |office3=Minister of National Defense |term_start3=September 17, 1959 |term_end3=September 13, 1971 |premier3=Zhou Enlai |predecessor3=Peng Dehuai |successor3=Ye Jianying |birth_date = |birth_place = Huanggang, Hubei, Qing Empire |death_date = |death_place = Öndörkhaan, Mongolia |party = Communist Party of China |spouse = (1937–42) Ye Qun (1942–71) |children = (daughter) Lin Liguo (son) Lin Liheng (daughter) |awards = * 25px Order of Bayi (First Class Medal) * 25px Order of Independence and Freedom (First Class Medal) * 25px Order of Liberation (First Class Medal) |alma_mater = Whampoa Military Academy |serviceyears = 1925-1971 |branch/unit = Infantry, Special forces |commands held = 1st Corps 1st Red Army Corps 115 Division, 8 Route Army People's Liberation Army |}} Lin Biao (; IPA: ; December 5, 1907 – September 13, 1971) was a Marshal of the People's Republic of China who was pivotal in the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeast China. Lin was the general who commanded the decisive Liaoshen and Pingjin Campaigns, in which he co-led the Manchurian Field Army to victory and led the People's Liberation Army into Beijing. He crossed the Yangtze River in 1949, decisively defeating the Kuomintang and taking control of the coastal provinces in Southeast China. He ranked third among the Ten Marshals. Zhu De and Peng Dehuai were considered senior to Lin, and Lin ranked directly ahead of He Long and Liu Bocheng. Lin abstained from taking an active role in politics after the civil war ceased in 1949. Lin led a section of the government's civil bureaucracy as one of the co-serving Deputy Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China from 1954 onwards, becoming First-ranked Vice Premier from 1964. Lin became more active in politics when named one of the co-serving Vice Chairmen of the Communist Party of China in 1958. He held the three responsibilities of Vice Premier, Vice Chairman and Minister of National Defense from 1959 onwards. Lin became instrumental in creating the foundations for Mao Zedong's cult of personality in the early 1960s, and was rewarded for his service in the Cultural Revolution by being named Mao's designated successor as the sole Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China, from 1969 until his death. Lin died on September 13, 1971 when a Hawker Siddeley Trident he was aboard crashed in Mongolia. The exact events of this "Lin Biao incident" have been a source of speculation ever since. The Chinese government's official explanation is that Lin and his family attempted to flee following a botched coup against Mao. Others have argued that they fled out of fear they would be purged, as Lin's relationship with other Communist Party leaders had soured in the final few years of his life. Following Lin's death, he was officially condemned as a traitor by the Communist Party. Since the late 1970s Lin and Mao's wife Jiang Qing (with her Gang of Four) have been labeled the two major "counter-revolutionary forces" of the Cultural Revolution, receiving official blame from the Chinese government. ==Revolutionary== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lin Biao」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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